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    Human factors in prehospital research: lessons from the PARAMEDIC trial

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    Author
    Pocock, Helen
    Deakin, Charles D.
    Quinn, Tom
    Perkins, Gavin D.
    Horton, Jessica
    Gates, Simon
    Keyword
    Emergency Medical Services
    Heart Massage
    Surveys and Questionnaires
    Task Performance and Analysis
    Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
    Journal title
    Emergency Medicine Journal
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12417/387
    DOI
    10.1136/emermed-2015-204916
    Abstract
    Background There is an urgent need to develop prehospital research capability in order to improve the care of patients presenting to emergency medical services (EMS). The Prehospital Randomised Assessment of a Mechanical compression Device In Cardiac arrest trial, a pragmatic cluster randomised trial evaluating the LUCAS-2 device, represents the largest randomised controlled trial conducted by UK ambulance services to date. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse factors that may influence paramedic attitudes to, and participation in, clinical trials. Methods Personal and organisational experience from this trial was assessed by feedback from a workshop attended by collaborators from participating EMS and a survey of EMS personnel participating in the trial. A work systems model was used to explain the impact of five interwoven themes—person, organisation, tasks, tools & technology and environment—on trial conduct including gathering of high-quality data. Results The challenge of training a geographically diverse EMS workforce required development of multiple educational solutions. In order to operationalise the trial protocol, internal organisational relationships were perceived as essential. Staff perceptions of the normalisation of participation and ownership of the trial influenced protocol compliance rates. Undertaking research was considered less burdensome when additional tasks were minimised and more difficult when equipment was unavailable. The prehospital environment presents practical challenges for undertaking clinical trials, but our experience suggests these are not insurmountable and should not preclude conducting high-quality research in this setting. Conclusions Application of a human factors model to the implementation of a clinical trial protocol has improved understanding of the work system, which can inform the future conduct of clinical trials and foster a research culture within UK ambulance services https://emj.bmj.com/content/emermed/33/8/562.full.pdf This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2015-204916
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1136/emermed-2015-204916
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